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Leviticus Chapter Four

1. The fourth offering described by the Lord is the sin offering (Lev. 4:1-5:13).  חַטָּאת chattā’th ^#2403: sin, sin offering (Ex. 29:14,36; Lev. 4:3,8,14,20,21,24,25,29,32,33_x2,34; 5:6,7,8,9_x2,11_x2,12; 6:17,24_x2,30; 7:7,37).
2. The sin offering covered unintentional sins (Lev. 4:2).  שָׁגַג shāgag ^#7683: to sin ignorantly, inadvertently (Lev. 5:18; Num. 15:28).  שְׁגָגָה sh^egāgāh ^#7684: sin of error, inadvertence (Lev. 4:2,22,27; 5:15,18; Num. 15:24-29).
   1. By the high priest (Lev. 4:3-12).
   2. By the whole congregation of Israel (Lev. 4:13-21).
   3. By leaders (Lev. 4:22-26).
   4. By common people (Lev. 4:27-35).
3. The activity of bringing a sin offering deals with the experiential nature of atonement (Lev. 5:6,10,13; 6:30).  (Whereas the burnt offering deals with the positional nature of atonement).
4. The sacrificial animal for the sin offering varied in value in accordance with the spiritual leadership and example of the sinner.
   1. The high priest offered a bull (Lev. 4:3).
   2. The congregation offered a bull (Lev. 4:14).
   3. The leaders offered a male goat (Lev. 4:23).
   4. The common people offered a female goat (Lev. 4:28), a female lamb (Lev. 4:32), two turtledoves or two pigeons (Lev. 5:7), or at the deepest poverty, 1/10th of an ephah of fine flower (Lev. 5:11).
   5. The principle of stricter judgment is developed in the New Testament as well (Matt. 23:14; Jas. 3:1).
5. Additional instructions for the sin offering are found in Lev. 6:24-30.

Leviticus Chapter Five

1. The fifth offering described by the Lord is the guilt offering (Lev. 5:14 6:7). 
   1. [KJV, NKJV] trespass offering.
   2. [NASB, NIV] guilt offering.
   3. אָשָׁם ’āshām ^#817: guilt, offense, trespass, trespass offering, guilt offering (Lev. 5:6,7,15_x2,16,18,19; 6:6,17; 7:1,2,5,7,37).
2. The guilt offering also covered unintentional sins (Lev. 5:15,18).
3. There is no prescribed offering for willful, defiant sin (Num. 15:30,31; cp. Heb. 10:26,29).
4. Like the sin offering, the activity of bringing a guilt offering deals with the experiential nature of atonement (Lev. 5:16,18; 6:7; 7:7).
5. Unlike the sin offering, the sacrificial animal for the guilt offering did not vary in value in accordance with the spiritual leadership and example of the sinner (Lev. 5:15,18).
6. Unlike the sin offering, the guilt offering involved a required restitution (Lev. 5:16).
7. Additional information on the application of the guilt offering is found in Lev. 7:1-10.

Leviticus Chapter Six

1. After giving the introduction to each of the five offerings, the Lord gives additional information on how the five offerings were to be administered (Lev. 6:8-7:38).
2. Additional instructions for the burnt offering (Lev. 6:8-13).
   1. Specific instructions dealt with the disposal of the ashes from the altar (Lev. 6:10,11).
   2. Instructions also emphasized that the fire on this altar was never to go out (Lev. 6:9,12,13).
3. Additional instructions for the grain offering (Lev. 6:14-23).
   1. The priests were to eat the grain offerings brought by non-priests (Lev. 6:14-18).
   2. The priests were to give the entire grain offerings to the Lord that were brought by other priests (Lev. 6:19-23).
4. Additional instructions for the sin offering (Lev. 6:24-30).